Task 1 图表实验室 · 12 例
6 大图型各 2 例，全部为"练习图表示例"（文字描述，无伪造图片）。每例含：核心特征 / Overview / 主体分组 / 完整范文 / 低分错误 / 可迁移表达。练法：先自己写，再对照范文，重点看"怎么选特征、怎么分组、怎么不堆数据"。
1 · 折线图 1
练习图表示例某国 2000–2020 年三类饮品人均年消费量（升）：瓶装水从 20 升持续升到 90 升；碳酸饮料从 100 升降到 60 升；茶从 55 升小幅波动到 50 升。
① 核心特征：瓶装水大幅上升并反超；碳酸饮料持续下降；茶基本平稳
② Overview：Overall, bottled water consumption rose dramatically and eventually overtook carbonated drinks, whose popularity steadily fell, while tea consumption stayed relatively stable throughout.
③ 主体分组：主体1 瓶装水与碳酸饮料的反向变化（含反超点）；主体2 茶的平稳。
④ Band 7 范文：The line graph shows the average amount of three drinks consumed per person each year in one country between 2000 and 2020, measured in litres. Overall, bottled water consumption rose dramatically and eventually overtook carbonated drinks, whose popularity declined steadily, while tea remained relatively stable. In 2000, carbonated drinks were by far the most popular, at around 100 litres per person, compared with just 20 litres of bottled water. Over the next two decades, however, the two moved in opposite directions: bottled water climbed steadily to about 90 litres, while carbonated drinks fell to roughly 60 litres, meaning water had clearly overtaken them by the end of the period. Tea followed a very different pattern. Beginning at 55 litres, it fluctuated only slightly before settling at around 50 litres in 2020, staying well below the other two drinks for the entire period.
⑥ 可迁移：rose/climbed steadily · declined · overtook · fluctuated slightly · in the opposite direction
2 · 折线图 2
练习图表示例1990–2020 某市三种通讯方式使用率（%）：固定电话从 80% 降到 15%；手机从 5% 升到 95%；书信从 40% 降到 5%。
① 核心特征：手机爆发式上升；固话与书信大幅下降；手机反超固话的交叉点
② Overview：Overall, mobile phone use surged to become by far the most common form of communication, whereas both landlines and letters declined sharply over the thirty-year period.
④ Band 7 范文：The line graph illustrates changes in the use of three communication methods in one city from 1990 to 2020, shown as percentages. Overall, mobile phone use surged to become by far the most common method, while both landlines and letters fell sharply over the period. In 1990, landlines dominated, used by 80% of people, with letters at 40% and mobile phones almost non-existent at 5%. The following decades saw a dramatic reversal. Mobile phone use climbed rapidly, overtaking landlines around the middle of the period and reaching 95% by 2020. Landlines, meanwhile, collapsed to just 15%. Letter writing showed the same downward trend, declining steadily from 40% to a mere 5% as faster digital options took over.
⑥ 可迁移：surged · collapsed to · overtook … around the middle of the period · almost completely replaced
3 · 柱状图 1
练习图表示例四个国家（A/B/C/D）2021 年每周人均运动时长（小时）：A 3.0、B 6.5、C 4.2、D 7.8。
① 核心特征：D 最高、A 最低；相差超一倍；B、D 明显高于 A、C
② Overview：Overall, people in countries D and B exercised considerably more than those in A and C, with D recording more than twice the weekly exercise time of A.
④ Band 7 范文：The bar chart compares the average number of hours people in four countries spent exercising each week in 2021. Overall, residents of countries D and B were far more active than those in A and C, with the gap between the highest and lowest being more than twofold. Country D had the highest figure, at 7.8 hours per week, closely followed by B at 6.5 hours. In contrast, the remaining two countries reported much lower levels of exercise. Country C stood at 4.2 hours, while country A recorded the lowest at just 3.0 hours — less than half the figure for D.
⑥ 可迁移：far more … than · the highest figure · closely followed by · less than half · stood out as
4 · 柱状图 2
练习图表示例某大学 2019 vs 2023 五个专业（商科/工程/艺术/医学/法律）招生人数变化，商科与工程明显增长，艺术下降，医学法律基本持平。
① 核心特征：商科工程增长最多；艺术下降；医学法律持平
② Overview：Overall, enrolment in business and engineering rose noticeably between 2019 and 2023, while the arts saw a decline and the other two subjects changed little.
④ Band 7 范文：The bar chart shows how student enrolment in five subjects at a university changed between 2019 and 2023. Overall, business and engineering attracted noticeably more students over the period, whereas the arts became less popular and medicine and law remained largely unchanged. The clearest growth was in business and engineering. Both started as mid-sized subjects but expanded substantially by 2023, suggesting rising demand for career-focused degrees. By contrast, the arts moved in the opposite direction, with enrolment falling visibly. Medicine and law stayed almost flat across the two years, indicating steady but not increasing interest.
⑥ 可迁移：rose noticeably · in the opposite direction · remained largely unchanged · steady but not increasing
5 · 表格 1
练习图表示例四国 2020 年家庭月支出四类占比——食品(A35/B20/C28/D15)、住房(25/38/30/40)、娱乐(10/22/15/25)、其他(30/20/27/20)。
① 核心特征：A、C 食品占比高；B、D 住房娱乐占比高；随富裕食品占比下降
② Overview：Overall, food took up the largest share of spending in the less wealthy countries A and C, whereas households in B and D spent proportionally more on housing and entertainment.
④ Band 7 范文：The table compares how households in four countries divided their monthly spending across four categories in 2020, shown as percentages. Overall, food accounted for the biggest share in countries A and C, while B and D devoted proportionally more of their budgets to housing and entertainment — a familiar pattern in which food takes a smaller slice as wealth rises. Food represented 35% of spending in A and 28% in C, but only 20% and 15% in B and D respectively. Housing showed the reverse: it was the single largest cost in D and B, at 40% and 38%, compared with a quarter or less in A and C.
⑥ 可迁移：accounted for the biggest share · proportionally more · showed the reverse · a quarter or less
6 · 表格 2
练习图表示例某公司 2018–2021 四年四个部门员工人数：销售逐年增、研发大增、客服基本不变、行政略降。
① 核心特征：研发增幅最大；销售稳步增；客服/行政基本平
② Overview：Overall, the workforce grew mainly through a sharp expansion in research and development, with sales also rising steadily, while customer service and administration changed little.
④ Band 7 范文：The table shows the number of employees in four departments of a company over four years, from 2018 to 2021. Overall, the company grew chiefly because of a rapid expansion in research and development, supported by steady growth in sales, whereas customer service and administration remained fairly constant. Research and development saw the most striking change, with staff numbers rising sharply year on year and roughly doubling across the period. Sales also expanded, though more gradually. By contrast, the customer service team barely changed, while administration slipped slightly.
⑥ 可迁移：grew chiefly because of · roughly doubling · a steady climb · barely changed · slipped slightly
7 · 饼图 1
练习图表示例某国 2000 vs 2020 发电来源占比——煤从 60% 降到 25%；天然气从 20% 升到 35%；可再生从 10% 升到 35%；核能 10%→5%。
① 核心特征：煤大幅下降；可再生大增并追平天然气；整体转向清洁能源
② Overview：Overall, the country shifted away from coal towards cleaner sources between 2000 and 2020, as renewables and natural gas grew substantially while coal's share fell by more than half.
④ Band 7 范文：The two pie charts compare the sources of electricity generation in one country in 2000 and 2020. Overall, the country moved away from coal towards cleaner energy over the twenty years, with renewables and natural gas expanding while coal declined steeply. In 2000, coal was the dominant source, providing 60% of electricity, with natural gas and renewables playing minor roles at 20% and 10%. By 2020, coal's share had fallen by more than half to just 25%, and nuclear power had also shrunk from 10% to 5%. In their place, renewables saw the largest rise, climbing from 10% to 35%, level with natural gas, which itself grew from 20% to 35%.
⑥ 可迁移：shifted away from … towards · fell by more than half · in their place · level with · supplied the majority
8 · 饼图 2
练习图表示例某大学生每月开支分布——住房 40%、餐饮 25%、交通 12%、娱乐 13%、其他 10%。
① 核心特征：住房占最大；住房+餐饮占近三分之二；交通/娱乐/其他较小且接近
② Overview：Overall, housing was by far the biggest expense, and together with food it made up nearly two-thirds of a student's monthly spending, while the remaining categories were much smaller and fairly similar.
④ Band 7 范文：The pie chart illustrates how an average university student divided their monthly spending across five categories. Overall, housing dominated the budget and, together with food, accounted for close to two-thirds of all spending, whereas the other three categories each took a much smaller and broadly similar share. Housing was clearly the largest single cost, taking up 40% of the total — twice as much as any other category. Food came second at 25%, so these two essentials alone consumed 65% of a student's money. Entertainment and transport were close, at 13% and 12% respectively, while other items made up the final 10%.
⑥ 可迁移：dominated the budget · accounted for close to two-thirds · twice as much as · spread fairly evenly
9 · 地图 1
练习图表示例某海滨小镇 1995 与 2020：镇中心农田变住宅区；海边建了码头和餐厅；老工厂拆除改公园；镇北修了环路。
① 核心特征：农田/工厂消失；住宅、码头餐厅、公园出现；整体转向居住与旅游
② Overview：Overall, the town changed from a farming settlement into a more residential and tourist-oriented one, as farmland and an old factory made way for housing, leisure facilities and green space.
④ Band 7 范文：The two maps show how a small seaside town developed between 1995 and 2020. Overall, the town was transformed from a largely agricultural settlement into a more residential and tourist-focused one. The most noticeable change occurred in the town centre, where the farmland that once dominated the area was replaced by a large residential district. Along the seafront, a marina was constructed and a row of restaurants was built beside it. Further changes took place to the north and on the site of the old factory: the factory was demolished and the land was converted into a public park, while a ring road was built around the northern edge of the town to divert traffic away from the centre.
⑥ 可迁移：was transformed into · gave way to · was replaced by · was converted into · to the north of
10 · 地图 2
练习图表示例一所学校 2005 与 2023：一栋教学楼扩建；操场缩小、一角建了停车场；新增一座图书馆；入口从南移到东。
① 核心特征：新增图书馆、停车场；操场缩小；入口迁移
② Overview：Overall, the school was expanded and modernised between 2005 and 2023, gaining new facilities such as a library and a car park, though this came at the cost of some of its open playing space.
④ Band 7 范文：The two maps compare the layout of a school in 2005 and 2023. Overall, the school was expanded and modernised over the period, gaining several new facilities, although some of its open space was lost as a result. The original teaching block was extended to provide more classrooms, and a new library was built in the eastern part of the site. A car park was also added in one corner of the grounds. These improvements, however, reduced the playing field, which was noticeably smaller by 2023. In addition, the main entrance was relocated from the south side to the east.
⑥ 可迁移：was expanded and modernised · gaining · at the cost of · was relocated from … to
11 · 流程图 1
练习图表示例玻璃瓶回收再利用：收集→清洗→按颜色分拣→粉碎→高温熔化→塑形成新瓶→送回商店。共 7 步，循环。
① 核心特征：7 个步骤、线性到循环；起点收集、终点回到商店
② Overview：Overall, the process of recycling glass bottles consists of seven main stages, beginning with collection and ending with the return of new bottles to shops, forming a continuous cycle.
④ Band 7 范文：The flow chart illustrates how glass bottles are recycled and reused. Overall, the process is made up of seven main stages, starting with the collection of used bottles and finishing with new bottles being returned to shops, so that the whole cycle can begin again. At the first stage, used glass bottles are collected from homes and businesses. They are then washed thoroughly and sorted according to their colour. Once sorted, the bottles are crushed into small pieces. In the second half of the process, the crushed glass is melted at a very high temperature until it becomes liquid. This molten glass is then shaped into new bottles using moulds. Finally, the finished bottles are transported back to shops, completing the cycle.
⑥ 可迁移：consists of … stages · are collected/washed/sorted · is then melted · completing the cycle（现在被动 + 时序词）
12 · 流程图 2
练习图表示例咖啡豆从种植到成品：种植→采摘→晾晒→去壳→烘焙→研磨→包装。共 7 步，线性。
① 核心特征：7 步线性、无循环；从农业到工业加工两阶段
② Overview：Overall, producing coffee involves seven linear stages, moving from growing and harvesting the beans through to roasting, grinding and finally packaging the finished product.
④ Band 7 范文：The diagram shows the stages involved in producing coffee, from growing the beans to packaging the final product. Overall, the process is linear and can be divided into an agricultural phase and a processing phase, involving seven main steps in total. In the first phase, coffee is grown on plantations and the ripe beans are picked by hand. The beans are then dried in the sun before their outer shells are removed. In the second phase, the beans are roasted at a high temperature, which gives them their characteristic colour and flavour. After roasting, they are ground into powder and finally packaged so that the coffee is ready to be sold.
⑥ 可迁移：can be divided into … phase · are picked/dried/roasted/ground · before · finally packaged